Africa needs 11 million more doctors, nurses and teachers by 2030 to prevent a "social and economic disaster" that could propel millions to migrate, the United Nations said.
More than one in five Africans aged 6 to 11 are not in school. Girls, in particular, are more likely never to see a classroom, waylayed by child marriage and teenage pregnancy.
Six in ten Africans lack access to basic sanitation and on average there are only 1.7 medical professionals per 1,000 inhabitants - well below the minimum international standard of 4.45 set by the World Health Organization.
To bridge the gap, 5.6 million health workers and 5.8 million teachers have to be trained by 2030.
Nigeria, which currently accounts for 20 percent of all Africa's births, for example spends only 0.9 percent of its GDP on public health, one of the lowest rates in the world.
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