Nigerian communities have been vulnerable to land grabs
since the government made international investment in its agricultural sector a
priority. Nigeria is evicting local farmers from 300 square kilometres of
fertile farmland to clear the way for a rice farm owned and controlled from the
US and Canada. A 45,000-strong community faces landlessness and destitution. Farmers
in Nigeria's north eastern state of Taraba are being forced off lands they have
farmed for generations to make way for US company Dominion Farms. Dominion
Farms Limited is a company registered in Kenya, with headquarters in Oklahoma,
US, that is majority owned by US-Canadian businessman Calvin Burgess as part of
his 'Dominion Group of Companies'. The company operates a rice farm operation
in the Yala Swamp area of Western Kenya that local farmers say has resulted in
the loss of their lands and livelihoods, and grave social, environmental and
health impacts on the affected communities.
The Nigerian government's Federal Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Development and the Federal Ministry of Investment are seeking to
increase foreign direct investment in agriculture as a strategy to raise national
food production. Under the policy, vast tracts of agricultural lands have been
identified by the government for large scale projects by foreign companies -
including 380 sq.km controlled by Taraba State's Upper Benue River Basin
Development Authority (UBRBDA) - a government agency established in 1978 to
support local farmers with irrigation schemes, flood defences, roads, stores
and warehouses. The UBRBDA lands and the Gassol Community lie on the
north-eastern shoreline of the Taraba River. Some 10,000 farmers depend on
these lands for their livelihoods, of which 3,000 hold land titles inherited
from their ancestors who first settled there. In all some 45,000 people are sustained
by the fertile farmland. Along one side of the lands runs an 8 km long
embankment that was built by UBRBDA to protect the farmlands from the river's
overflow. The lands provide major ecological and hydrological functions and are
a major source of livelihoods for the farmers of Gassol and other neighbouring
communities. In 2010, Dominion Farms first made its appearance in Gassol
seeking the allocation of lands, water resources, fishing ponds and grazing
areas used by the community for the construction of a large scale rice farm. Two
years later the company achieved its objective when it signed a memorandum of
understanding (MOU) with the Taraba State government and the Nigerian government
for a 300 sq.km concession on the UBRBDA lands for the creation of a large
scale rice farm.
UK Development secretary Justine Greening is facing questions
over its involvement in the massive land-grab.
The project forms part of the UK-backed New Alliance for Food Security
and Nutrition in Africa and the Nigerian government's Agricultural
Transformation Agenda. Both initiatives are ostensibly intended to enhance food
security and livelihoods for small farmers in Nigeria. But a new report 'The
Dominion Farms land grab in Nigeria', finds that the Dominion Farms project is
having the opposite effect. The lands provided to Dominion Farms are part of a
public irrigation scheme that 45,000 people depend on for their food needs and
livelihoods. The local people were never consulted about the Dominion Farms
project and, although the company has already started to occupy the lands, they
are still completely in the dark about any plans for compensation or
resettlement.
"Aid money should be spent supporting communities to
develop sustainable agriculture rather than supporting initiatives which are
enabling companies to evict those communities", commented Heidi Chow, food
sovereignty campaigner from Global Justice Now. "Initiatives like the New
Alliance seem to be more about providing opportunities for agribusiness to
carve up the resources of African countries rather than trying to address
poverty or hunger."
"The local people are united in their opposition to the
Dominion Farms project", says Raymond Enoch, an author of the report and
director of the Center for Environmental Education and Development in Nigeria.
"They want their lands back so that they can continue to produce food for
their families and the people of Nigeria."
Mallam Danladi K Jallo, a local farmer from Gassol, said:
"Our land is very rich and good. We produce a lot of different crops here,
and we farm fish and rear goats, sheep and cattle…We were happy when we heard
of the coming of the Dominion Farms not knowing it was for the selfish interest
of some few members of the State, Federal Government and the foreigner in
charge of the Dominion Farms.” Dominion Farms has already filled in ponds and
water canals that local people depend on for fishing and has stationed security
agents in the area to prevent farmers from accessing their lands. People have
also been forced to stop grazing their goats and cows on the lands occupied by
Dominion Farms.
Some affected farmers said that a range of promises - about
adequate compensation for their lands, about the building of schools, roads,
hospitals and a farm training centre, and about the employment of local people
- had been made when Dominion Farms and government agencies initially visited
the area. However none of these promises have been kept. Pledges that were made
during the process of allocating lands to Dominion Farms to improve the
livelihood of the local farmers of Gassol have so far not transpired
Two Nigerian NGOs, Environmental Rights Action (ERA) /
Friends of the Earth Nigeria (FOEN) and Center for Environmental Education and
Development (CEED) found "Consultations with the affected farmers in
Gassol community revealed severe irregularities. The farmers interviewed
indicated that only the local elites and government agents were consulted, some
of whom had personally endorsed the project in their community in spite of
apparent widespread opposition amongst the members of the community. It further
revealed that consultations did not deal with the question of whether or not
the local communities accept the project and under what terms they would do
so" The MOU between the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development, the Taraba State Government and Dominion Farms Ltd was signed
"without proper consultations with the affected communities", the
investigators found.
"Those
consultations that did take place involved mainly government officials. The
information that local people received about the project was insufficient and
was presented in a partial manner in favour of the project. Local farmers were
never asked if they agreed to the project or under what terms they would accept
the project, and were thus kept out of a decision that has major impacts on
their lives."
The agreement was also signed without a social and
environmental impact assessment, and did not include any resettlement plan for
the farmers that would be evicted from their farms.
"In spite of the New Alliance rhetoric on tackling food
security, on the ground the Dominion Farms investment has resulted in land
grabbing, reducing the ability and resilience of local farmers to feed
themselves and their communities", says the report.
No comments:
Post a Comment